Diabetes is a very serious and dangerous disease that requires constant treatment. Along with the use of drug therapy, patients should live a healthy lifestyle, stop addiction and do sports. It is equally important to know what you can eat with diabetes and what products you should completely refuse.
If there is a significant worsening of the condition, malaise, constant and moreover unquenchable thirst, xerostomia, frequent urination, itching of the skin, especially on the legs and groin, an endocrinologist should be contacted immediately and undergo an examination. These symptoms indicate the development of diabetes.
The disease is certainly dangerous and serious, but it is not a sentence. Many people live with illness. In order to normalize well-being, maintain normal blood sugar levels and eliminate unpleasant symptoms, you should follow a special diet and know what you can eat with diabetes.
Pathology can develop in both adults and children. The disease is often diagnosed in pregnant women. With proper treatment and a healthy diet, the disease can be controlled.
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What can you drink with diabetes?
Most patients try to watch their diet. They don't eat junk food and try to make the food as healthy and balanced as possible. But not everyone keeps track of what drinks they drink. Diabetics should not drink alcoholic beverages, commercial juices, strong tea, kvass, sweet soda.
If you want to drink, you should choose the following drinks:
- non-carbonated mineral water or purified water;
- unsweetened juices;
- jelly;
- compote;
- weak tea;
- Green tea;
- herbal remedies and infusions;
- freshly squeezed juice (but slightly diluted);
- skim milk products.
Doctors advise patients not to drink coffee. But scientists have proven that coffee is rich in useful and necessary substances, including antioxidants that help prevent the development of tumors. They are rich in grains and linoleic acid, which prevents the development of heart attacks, strokes and other diseases of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, you can drink coffee with diabetes, the main thing is that the coffee is natural and without sugar.
Basic principles of healthy eating
Every diabetic, without exception, should know what to eat in the presence of diabetes. Eating all the food in a row is fraught with deterioration of general well-being.
Every diet, including diabetes, has its own peculiarities and rules.
Dietary therapy should:
- limit consumption of carbohydrate products;
- reduction in caloric intake;
- use of fortified foods;
- five to six meals a day;
- meals at the same time;
- enrichment of the diet with natural vitamins - vegetables and fruits (with the exception of sweet ones, especially persimmons and dates);
- eat small meals;
- exclusion long between meals;
- to put together a menu considering the GI product;
- minimize salt intake;
- refusal to eat fatty, spicy, spicy, fried food;
- refusal to use alcohol and sugary soda, as well as convenience food and fast food;
- replace sugar with natural sweeteners: fructose, sorbitol, etc. ;
- use of boiled, baked and steamed food.
A proper diet is the key to good health
Diabetics, regardless of the type of disease, should follow a proper and healthy diet:
- To maintain stable insulin levels, you need to have a full breakfast.
- Every meal should start with a vegetable salad. This contributes to normal metabolic processes and weight correction.
- The last meal should take place no later than three hours before bedtime.
- The food you eat should be at a comfortable temperature. You can eat hot and moderately cold dishes with diabetes.
- You can drink liquids either half an hour before a meal or after 30 minutes. Do not drink water or juice during the meal.
- It is important to stick to the routine. Eating five to six times a day helps prevent high blood sugar levels.
- The diet should be enriched with low-fat fish, dairy products with a low percentage of fat content, vegetables and fruits, grains.
- Diabetics should avoid sugar and all products containing it.
- The optimal daily calorie content is 2400 kcal.
- It is also important to monitor the chemical composition of dishes. The share of complex carbohydrates in the daily diet is 50%, protein - 20%, fat - 30%.
- One and a half liters of purified or demineralized water should be consumed per day.
GI (glycemic index) - what is it?
Each product has its own GI. Otherwise it is called "bread unit" - XE. And if nutritional value determines how much useful substances will be converted into energy for the body, then GI is an indicator of the digestibility of carbohydrate products. It indicates how quickly carbohydrate products are absorbed, but raises blood sugar.
What can diabetics eat while following the diet and table number 9
Many patients who have heard the word "diet" think of it as a phrase. They think that their diet will be minimally restricted. In fact, it is far from it. Dietary treatment for a disease means limiting caloric intake, consuming complex carbohydrates and eliminating simple carbohydrates. Foodcan be both therapeutic and delicious at the same time. You just need to know what diabetics can eat.
Eating the right foods will help with both weight control and maintaining normal insulin levels.
Patients may use the following products:
- Of bread. It is preferable that it is black bread or products intended for diabetics. The daily norm is 300 g. The use of corn, whole grain and "Borodino" bread is also allowed.
- Soups. It is preferable that the first dishes are cooked in vegetable broth.
- Lean meat (veal, beef, rabbit, chicken) and fish: perch, carp, cod. All methods of preparation, only frying is excluded.
- Eggs and scrambled eggs. You cannot consume more than one egg per day. Abuse of this product is fraught with an increase in cholesterol.
- Dairy products (skim milk, cottage cheese, kefir, fried milk, fermented baked milk, natural yogurt).
- Cheese (unsalted and low-fat).
- Berries and fruits: grapefruit, raspberry, apple, kiwi. Their consumption not only helps in increasing sugar but also in lowering the level of harmful cholesterol.
- Vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, greens.
- Honey (limited).
- Drinks: juice, herbal medicine, mineral water.
All these products can be eaten by diabetics. But the main thing is to observe the scale in everything. Food should not be greasy. You can't drink alcohol either.
Approved products for people with insulin-dependent forms
Pathology of the first type, or insulin-dependent diabetes, is characterized by severe symptoms, an acute course and is accompanied by increased appetite. In addition to using insulin, it is important to know what diabetics can eat. A well-balanced diet is the best way to maintain health and well-being.
The diet of diabetics with the first type of pathology is similar to the diet of patients with the second type. It is allowed to use: carbonated mineral water, seafood and low-fat fish, oatmeal and buckwheat, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, boiled eggs, meat.
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Table number 9 for pathology
Patients are most often prescribed to follow diet chart no. 9. The diet allows for six meals a day, excluding fats, fried foods, spicy, smoked meats, salty foods and sweets. The energy value of the daily diet should not exceed 2500 kcal. Diabetics can eat food cooked in any way, with the exception of frying.
What not to do with diabetes: permitted and prohibited foods, sample menu
Every person suffering from a serious disease should know what not to do with diabetes. Abuse of harmful products is full of degradation.
Products on the list should be discarded:
- Sahara. It is recommended to replace with a sweetener.
- PieThis food is strongly recommended. In addition to being high in sugar, they are also high in calories, which is not very good for blood sugar levels.
- Fatty meat and fish products.
- Smoked dishes and canned food. These products have a high glycemic index.
- Animal fat, mayonnaise.
- Dairy products with a high percentage of fat content.
- Semolina and cereal products, as well as pasta.
- Vegetables. You can't eat certain vegetables with diabetes, but if it doesn't work, you should limit their consumption as much as possible: potatoes, fried zucchini.
- Sweet fruits.
- Drinks: sweet soda, pure or purchased juice, compote, strong black tea.
- Snacks, seeds, chips.
- Sweets. With any type of diabetes, especially gestational diabetes, the use of ice cream, jam, milk chocolate is prohibited.
- Alcoholic beverages.
Permitted and prohibited products:
Proper nutrition, along with the introduction of insulin, is the key to good health. To follow a diet, in addition to using drugs, the patient should be all his life. This is the only way to maintain normal blood sugar. What to eat and what not to eat with diabetes.
Allowed to eat:
- purified water or mineral water;
- weak tea, coffee;
- mushrooms;
- Green beans;
- radish;
- radish;
- beets;
- string beans;
- green;
- carrots;
- beets;
- eggplant;
- pepper;
- Cabbage;
- cucumbers;
- tomatoes.
Permitted use:
- eggs;
- berries;
- fruit;
- soups;
- copy;
- of bread;
- legumes (peas, beans, lentils);
- potatoes;
- honey;
- low-fat cheeses;
- dairy products with a low percentage of fat content;
- low-fat cooked sausage;
- meat and fish products.
It is forbidden to eat:
- alcoholic beverages;
- grapes;
- bananas;
- persimmons;
- dates;
- sweets (ice cream, jam, lollipops, cookies);
- Sahara;
- seeds;
- canned food;
- smoked products and sausages;
- fatty meat and fish products;
- fatty dairy products;
- animal fat.
How to replace harmful products
Patients are forbidden to eat high-calorie foods, as such products provoke the progression of the disease and worsen the effect of drugs.
Harmful products can be replaced with useful, suitable in combination:
- You can replace white bread with rye flour products.
- Sweets and desserts - berries and desserts for diabetes.
- Animal fat is vegetable fat.
- Fatty meat products and cheeses - low-fat products, avocados.
- Cream is a low-fat dairy product.
- Ice cream - hard cheeses, seafood, legumes.
- Beer - dairy, beef, eggs.
- Sweet soda - beets, carrots, legumes.
- Sausage is a dairy product.
About a week's menu
You can create a menu for each day or immediately for the whole week on your own, taking into account what is possible and what is not possible with diabetes. Below is a sample of this week's menu.
The first day.
- Breakfast: salad with cucumber and cabbage, oatmeal, weak tea.
- Snack: apple or kefir.
- Lunch: vegetable soup, zucchini casserole, compote.
- Snack: cottage cheese.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, boiled chicken fillet, juice.
Another day.
- Breakfast: milk pumpkin porridge, jelly.
- Snack: cookies.
- Lunch: lean borscht, millet porridge with baked haddock fillet, green tea.
- Snack: skimmed milk.
- Dinner: Squash stew, kefir.
Day three.
- Breakfast: boiled egg, cheese sandwich, coffee.
- Snack: baked apple.
- Lunch: Fish soup, buckwheat porridge, steamed chicken meatballs, tomato juice.
- Snack: orange.
- Dinner: milk rice porridge, boiled shrimp, fermented baked milk.
Day four.
- Breakfast: scrambled eggs, cheese sandwich, tea.
- Snack: Salad with tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers.
- Lunch: cabbage soup, baked fish, compote.
- Snack: raspberry jelly.
- Dinner: cooked turkey, tomato juice.
Day five.
- Breakfast: baked pumpkin, apple compote.
- Snack: one apple.
- Lunch: mushroom soup, oatmeal, carrot juice.
- Snack: Kefir.
- Dinner: kale rolls, fried milk.
Day seven.
- Breakfast: cottage cheese, coffee.
- Snack: apple juice and crackers.
- Lunch: soup with chicken pieces and buckwheat, baked description, compote.
- Snack: vegetable salad.
- Dinner: steamed beef, oatmeal, carrot juice.
Day seven.
- Breakfast: pumpkin porridge, green tea.
- Snack: any fruit allowed.
- Lunch: soup with rice, peppers stuffed with chicken meat, tomato juice.
- Snack: vegetable salad, cheese sandwich.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, boiled cabbage, kefir.
There can be six meals. But the main thing is that the last meal should be no later than three hours before bedtime.
Dietary treatment of diabetes is not difficult, but necessary. The list of permitted products is quite large, so the diet will not be monotonous. The main thing to understand is that a healthy diet during illness is the key to good health and maintaining normal blood sugar levels.